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|native_name = ''Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa'' |common_name = North Vietnam |continent = Asia |region = Southeast Asia |country = Vietnam |p1 = French Indochina |flag_p1 = Flag of France.svg |p2 = Empire of Vietnam |flag_p2 = Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg |p3 = Nguyễn Dynasty |flag_p3 = Second flag of the Nguyen Dynasty.svg |s1 = Vietnam |flag_s1 = Flag of Vietnam.svg |image_flag =Flag_of_Vietnam.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of North Vietnam.svg |symbol = Coat of arms of Vietnam |image_map = LocationNorthVietnam.png |image_map_caption = Location of North Vietnam in Southeast Asia. |national_motto = "Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc" (English: "Independence – Freedom – Happiness") |national_anthem = "Tiến Quân Ca" (English: "Army March") |capital = Hanoi |common_languages = Vietnamese (official) |government_type = Marxist–Leninist single-party socialist republic |title_leader = |leader1 = Trường Chinh |year_leader1 = 1945–1956 |leader2 = Hồ Chí Minh |year_leader2 = 1956–1960 |leader3 = Lê Duẩn |year_leader3 = 1960–1976 |title_representative = President |representative1 = Hồ Chí Minh |representative2 = Tôn Đức Thắng |year_representative1 = 1945–1969 |year_representative2 = 1969–1976 |title_deputy = Prime Minister |deputy1 = Hồ Chí Minh |deputy2 = Phạm Văn Đồng |year_deputy1 = 1945–1955 |year_deputy2 = 1955–1976 |era = Cold WarVietnam War |event_start = |date_start = September 2 |year_start = 1945 |event1 = Viet Minh reenters Hanoi |date_event1 = October 10, 1954 |event2 = PAVN enters Saigon |date_event2 = April 30, 1975 |event_end = North and South Vietnam merged |date_end = July 2 |year_end = 1976 |stat_year1 = 1960 |stat_area1 = 157880 |stat_pop1 = 15916955 |stat_year2 = 1974 |stat_area2 = 157880 |stat_pop2 = 23767300 |religion = Officially none |currency = đồng }} The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; (ベトナム語:Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa)),〔 commonly known in English as North Vietnam, was a state in Southeast Asia which existed as a revolutionary movement from 1945 until 1954 and as a state from 1954 to 1976. Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh declared independence from France on 2 September 1945 and announced the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. France reasserted its colonial dominance and a war ensued between France and the Viet Minh, led by Ho. The Viet Minh ("League for the Independence of Vietnam") was a coalition of nationalist groups, mostly led by communists, In February 1951, the communists announced the creation of the Lao Động Party (Labor Party), gradually marginalizing non-communists in the Viet Minh..〔' (''Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Movement in Indochina, A Study in the Exploitation of Nationalism'' ) (1953), Folder 11, Box 02, Douglas Pike Collection: Unit 13 - The Early History of Vietnam, The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University.'〕 Between 1946 and 1954, the Viet Minh captured and controlled most of rural areas of Vietnam. In 1954, after the French were defeated, the negotiation of the Geneva Accords ended the war between France and the Viet Minh and granted Vietnam independence. The Geneva Accords divided the country provisionally into northern and southern zones, and stipulated general elections in July 1956 "to bring about the unification of Viet-Nam."〔"Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam, July 20, 1954, https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/genevacc.htm, accessed 15 Oct 2015〕 The northern zone was commonly called North Vietnam and the southern zone South Vietnam, or, formally, the Republic of Vietnam. Supervision of the implementation of the Geneva Accords was the responsibility of an International Commission consisting of India, Canada, and Poland. The United States did not sign the Geneva Accords but instead stated that the U.S. "shall continue to seek to achieve unity through free elections supervised by the United Nations to insure that they are conducted fairly."〔"Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam, July 20, 1954, https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/genevacc.htm, accessed 15 Oct 2015; ""Final Declaration of the Geneva Conference of the Problem of Restoring Peace in Indo-China, July 21, 1954, https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Geneva_Conference, accesed 15 Oct 2015〕 In July 1955, the Prime Minister of South Vietnam, Ngo Dinh Diem, announced that South Vietnam would not participate in elections to unify the country. He said that South Vietnam had not signed the Geneva accords and was not bound by it. With the failure to reunify Vietnam by elections, North Vietnam attempted to unify the country by force in the Vietnam War (1955–75). North Vietnam and the Viet Cong insurgents supported by their communist allies, including the Soviet Union and China, fought against the military of South Vietnam, the U.S. and other anti-communist military forces, including South Korea, Australia, Thailand and smaller players. North Vietnam also supported indigenous communist rebels in Cambodia and Laos against their respective U.S,-backed governments. The war ended when North Vietnamese forces defeated South Vietnam and in 1976 united the two parts of the country into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. ==Presidency of Hồ Chí Minh (1945–69)== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「North Vietnam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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